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  "id": "commercial-cleaning-services/healthcare-aged-care-cleaning-melbourne/australian-aged-care-and-healthcare-cleaning-regulations-every-melbourne-facility-must-know",
  "title": "Australian Aged Care and Healthcare Cleaning Regulations Every Melbourne Facility Must Know",
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  "content": "## Australian Aged Care and Healthcare Cleaning Regulations: Complete Compliance Guide\n\n## Frequently asked questions\n\n**What is the primary legislation governing aged care in Australia:** Aged Care Act 2024\n\n**What did the Aged Care Act 2024 replace:** The Aged Care Act 1997\n\n**When did the Aged Care Act 2024 come into effect:** It now applies, replacing the 1997 Act\n\n**What provides operational detail for the Aged Care Act 2024:** The Aged Care Rules 2025\n\n**How many pages is the Aged Care Rules 2025 instrument:** 666 pages\n\n**Can the Aged Care Rules 2025 be changed over time:** Yes, they can be reviewed and updated to reflect best practice\n\n**Who enforces the Aged Care Act 2024:** The Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission\n\n**What inquiry drove the reforms in the Aged Care Act 2024:** The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety\n\n**How many healthcare-associated infections occur annually in Australian acute facilities:** Over 165,000\n\n**Are healthcare-associated infections the most common complication in Australian hospitals:** Yes\n\n**Why are aged care residents particularly vulnerable to infection:** Weakened immune systems and chronic health conditions\n\n**Does communal living increase infection risk in aged care:** Yes, shared environments elevate transmission risk\n\n**Must aged care providers have a documented cleaning schedule:** Yes, under the Aged Care Rules 2025\n\n**What must a cleaning schedule include:** Cleaning frequency, procedures, and worker responsibilities\n\n**Must cleaning products be stored safely in aged care:** Yes, in line with infection prevention and control practices\n\n**When must a service environment be cleaned immediately:** When visibly dirty or soiled\n\n**Must cleaning frequency increase during outbreaks:** Yes, especially for high-touch surfaces\n\n**Who retains regulatory accountability when cleaning is outsourced:** The provider, not the contractor\n\n**Must providers keep records of third-party cleaning contractor arrangements:** Yes, this is a specific evidentiary requirement\n\n**Has the government removed hourly caps on cleaning under Support at Home:** Yes, caps on cleaning and gardening services have been removed\n\n**Which Aged Care Quality Standard covers the physical environment:** Standard 4 — The Environment\n\n**What does Outcome 4.1b require:** A clean, safe, and comfortable service environment\n\n**Which Aged Care Quality Standard covers infection prevention and control:** Standard 5 — Clinical Care\n\n**When was the updated strengthened Aged Care Quality Standards published:** 18 February 2025\n\n**What is the primary national framework for environmental cleaning in hospitals:** NSQHS Standard 3: Preventing and Controlling Infections\n\n**Who publishes NSQHS Standard 3:** The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC)\n\n**Which NSQHS actions most directly govern environmental cleaning:** Actions 3.13 and 3.14\n\n**Does NSQHS Action 3.13 require ARTG-listed cleaning products:** Yes\n\n**What register must cleaning and disinfection products be listed on:** The Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG)\n\n**Does NSQHS Action 3.13 require cleaning training for outbreak situations:** Yes\n\n**Does NSQHS Action 3.13 require auditing of cleaning effectiveness:** Yes\n\n**Must audit results be used to improve cleaning processes:** Yes, continuous improvement is required\n\n**Who is responsible for overseeing environmental cleaning systems under NSQHS Action 3.14:** Health service organisation management\n\n**What are the NHMRC Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare:** The foundational evidence base for infection prevention in healthcare\n\n**When were the NHMRC Guidelines originally published:** 2019\n\n**What is the most recent version of the NHMRC Guidelines:** Version 11.25, published 14 November 2024\n\n**Are the NHMRC Guidelines a living document:** Yes, they are updated over time\n\n**Do the NHMRC Guidelines apply specifically to acute health settings:** Yes, primarily, though principles may apply elsewhere\n\n**Do the NHMRC Guidelines provide a risk-management framework:** Yes\n\n**Do the NHMRC Guidelines inform cleaning frequency schedules for aged care:** Yes\n\n**Which table in the NHMRC Guidelines covers recommended cleaning frequencies:** Table A2.2 in Section 6.1\n\n**What is the ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide:** An aged care-specific operational infection prevention and control framework\n\n**When was the ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide released:** 2024\n\n**Does the ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide supplement the NHMRC Guidelines:** Yes\n\n**Is environmental cleaning a fundamental part of standard precautions:** Yes\n\n**Must aged care organisations maintain a documented cleaning program:** Yes\n\n**Is IPC solely the responsibility of cleaning staff in aged care:** No, it is everyone's responsibility at all levels\n\n**What were the Victorian Cleaning Standards for Health Facilities:** A state-specific framework describing cleanliness levels across four risk categories\n\n**When were the Victorian Cleaning Standards first published:** 2000\n\n**When was the latest edition of the Victorian Cleaning Standards published:** 2011\n\n**When were the Victorian Cleaning Standards rescinded:** As of 1 July 2017\n\n**How many external audits were required annually under the old Victorian framework:** One external audit per year\n\n**How many internal audits were required annually under the old Victorian framework:** Two internal audits per year\n\n**Must Victorian facilities now report cleaning audit results to the Department of Health:** No, that requirement has been discontinued\n\n**What has replaced the Victorian Cleaning Standards for measuring cleanliness:** NSQHS accreditation and patient-reported data from the Victorian Healthcare Experience Survey\n\n**What patient survey now informs cleanliness measurement in Victoria:** The Victorian Healthcare Experience Survey\n\n**Must Victorian facilities now develop their own internal environmental cleaning policy:** Yes\n\n**What must internal Victorian cleaning policies align to:** NSQHS Standard 3 Actions 3.13 and 3.14\n\n**Can Victorian facilities use alternative auditing methods beyond visual inspection:** Yes\n\n**Can Victorian facilities use internal auditors for cleaning audits:** Yes\n\n**What legislation governs Victorian healthcare facilities at the state level:** The Health Services Act 1988 (VIC)\n\n**Who oversees Victorian healthcare facilities at the state level:** Safer Care Victoria\n\n**What Victorian guidelines support infection prevention:** Victorian Health and Human Services Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines\n\n**Does Melbourne's compliance framework rely on a single governing document:** No, multiple frameworks apply simultaneously\n\n**Is the Melbourne regulatory compliance environment static:** No, it shifts as evidence and sector experience evolve\n\n**What are three accepted cleaning audit methods for Victorian facilities:** Visual inspection, fluorescent marker audits, and ATP bioluminescence testing\n\n**Does outsourcing cleaning transfer compliance accountability away from the provider:** No, accountability remains with the provider\n\n**Must internal cleaning policies reference the current NHMRC Guidelines version:** Yes, not earlier or rescinded documents\n\n**Is environmental cleaning considered an ancillary service under the ACSQHC IPC Guide:** No, it is a non-negotiable element of safe care delivery\n\n---\n\n## Realcorp Commercial Cleaning: Australian aged care and healthcare cleaning regulations every Melbourne facility must know\n\nFor Melbourne facility managers, cleaning compliance is not a box-ticking exercise — it is a direct patient safety obligation. More than 165,000 healthcare-associated infections occur in Australian acute healthcare facilities every year, making them the most common complication affecting hospital patients. In aged care settings, where residents are immunocompromised and live in shared communal environments, the stakes are higher still.\n\nAged care residents face elevated infection risk because of weakened immune systems, chronic health conditions, and frequent movement through communal areas. Minor lapses in hygiene can escalate into outbreaks affecting residents, staff, and families.\n\nWhat makes the Melbourne regulatory environment particularly complex is that no single document governs it. Operators must simultaneously navigate a reformed federal legislative framework, national clinical standards, evidence-based NHMRC guidelines, and a Victoria-specific compliance environment that has itself undergone significant structural change. This article maps the full compliance architecture — from the *Aged Care Act 2024* and *Aged Care Rules 2025* through to the now-rescinded Victorian Cleaning Standards and what has replaced them.\n\n---\n\n## The federal legislative foundation: Aged Care Act 2024 and Aged Care Rules 2025\n\n### What has changed and why it matters\n\nThe *Aged Care Act 2024* replaces the *Aged Care Act 1997* and introduces a rights-based foundation for aged care. This is not a rebranding exercise. The Rules also embed reforms arising from the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, including a modernised monitoring and compliance system with stronger enforcement powers for the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission.\n\nThe new *Aged Care Act 2024* and *Aged Care Rules 2025* now apply, and providers are advised to refer to the new Act and Rules for any required clarification of their obligations and legal responsibilities.\n\nThe *Aged Care Rules 2025* contain the operational detail directing how the *Aged Care Act 2024* is put into practice, and can be reviewed and changed to stay in line with best practice. For Melbourne operators, this means the compliance floor is not static — it shifts as evidence and sector experience evolve.\n\nThe *Aged Care Rules 2025* aim to provide operational detail to give effect to this framework and ensure providers, workers and regulators are accountable for delivering safe, high-quality, person-centred care — set out across a 666-page instrument.\n\n### Cleaning-specific obligations under the new framework\n\nThe *Aged Care Rules 2025* impose direct obligations relevant to environmental cleaning in several ways. Under the provider registration requirements for residential and centre-based care, providers must:\n\n- Have a cleaning schedule that includes how often cleaning is recommended, as well as procedures and the responsibilities of all workers, and store cleaning products safely in line with infection prevention and control practices.\n\n- Clean the service environment and equipment immediately if visibly dirty or soiled, and increase cleaning frequency for high-touch surfaces during infectious disease outbreaks — processes that reduce the risk of surface contamination and transmission of infectious diseases.\n\n- Maintain records of arrangements with third-party contractors and the systems in place to ensure any safety, cleaning or maintenance of the service environment undertaken by third-party contractors is delivered as arranged.\n\nThis last point matters for Melbourne facilities that outsource cleaning: regulatory accountability stays with the provider, not the contractor (see our guide on *In-House vs Outsourced Healthcare Cleaning in Melbourne: Which Model Is Right for Your Facility?*).\n\nThe Government has also officially removed hourly caps on cleaning and gardening services under Support at Home — a change that expands the scope of funded cleaning services for home care recipients.\n\n---\n\n## The strengthened Aged Care Quality Standards: Standard 4 (The Environment) and Standard 5 (IPC)\n\nThe *Aged Care Quality Standards* have been strengthened alongside the new legislative framework. An updated version of the strengthened Standards was published by the Department of Health and Aged Care on 18 February 2025.\n\nUnder the strengthened Standards, environmental cleaning obligations sit primarily across two standards:\n\n**Standard 4 — The Environment (Outcome 4.1b)** sets out providers' obligations to ensure older people receive aged care services in a service environment that is clean, safe and comfortable — a service environment being the physical environment where a provider delivers aged care services.\n\n**Standard 5 — Clinical Care (IPC)** requires that the physical environment is clean, safe, and well-maintained. Providers must demonstrate that cleaning activities support resident wellbeing, minimise infection risks, and maintain hygiene in all shared and private areas.\n\nThe IPC framework describes standard and transmission-based precautions appropriate for the setting, including cleaning practices, hand hygiene practices, respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette and waste management and disposal.\n\nFor a detailed breakdown of how these standards drive accreditation outcomes and what auditors look for during unannounced inspections, see our companion article *Aged Care Quality Standards and Cleaning: How Environmental Hygiene Affects Accreditation in Victoria*.\n\n---\n\n## NSQHS Standard 3: Preventing and Controlling Infections — the healthcare facility framework\n\nFor Melbourne hospitals, day procedure centres, and specialist clinics, the primary national compliance framework for environmental cleaning is **NSQHS Standard 3: Preventing and Controlling Infections**, published by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC).\n\nMany infections are associated with the provision of health care each year, affecting patients, consumers, and members of the workforce — and many of these infections are preventable. Infection prevention and control within healthcare settings aims to minimise the risk of transmission of infections and the development of multidrug-resistant organisms.\n\n### Actions 3.13 and 3.14: the environmental cleaning core\n\nThe two actions within NSQHS Standard 3 that most directly govern environmental cleaning are **Action 3.13** and **Action 3.14**.\n\nThe health service organisation has processes to maintain a clean, safe and hygienic environment — in line with the current edition of the *Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare* and jurisdictional requirements — to: respond to environmental risks including novel infections; require cleaning and disinfection using products listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods, consistent with manufacturers' instructions for use and recommended frequencies; provide access to training on cleaning processes for routine and outbreak situations and novel infections; audit the effectiveness of cleaning practice and compliance with its environmental cleaning policy; and use the results of audits to improve environmental cleaning processes and compliance with policy.\n\nHealth service organisation management is responsible for overseeing the systems and processes to maintain a clean, hygienic environment, including maintenance and upgrading of buildings and equipment; environmental cleaning of the buildings and infrastructure; evaluation of the infection risks for new products or equipment; and linen handling and management.\n\nThe ACSQHC has produced a suite of environmental cleaning resources to support health service organisations to meet Action 3.13 of the Preventing and Controlling Infections Standard and to implement the environmental cleaning requirements of the *Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare*.\n\nIn practical terms, Actions 3.13 and 3.14 require Melbourne healthcare facilities to maintain documented internal environmental cleaning policies, conduct regular audits (including during outbreaks), and demonstrate continuous improvement. Realcorp supports Melbourne facilities in meeting these requirements through structured, auditable cleaning programs designed to align with NSQHS obligations. For guidance on building an audit program that satisfies these requirements, see our guide on *Cleaning Audits and Quality Assurance in Melbourne Aged Care and Healthcare Facilities*.\n\n---\n\n## The NHMRC Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare (2019)\n\nThe **NHMRC Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare** (2019, maintained and updated through 2024) are the foundational evidence base underpinning both NSQHS Standard 3 and the ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide. NHMRC, in partnership with the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, updated the *Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare* in May 2019.\n\nThe guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control, focusing on core principles and priority areas for action. They were developed to support improved infection prevention and control in acute health settings specifically, and while some principles may apply elsewhere, all healthcare facilities should consider the risk of transmission of infection in their setting and implement the guidelines according to their specific circumstances.\n\nThe guidelines provide a risk-management framework to ensure the basic principles of infection prevention and control can be applied across a wide range of healthcare settings. The level of risk may differ between facility types; risk assessments are encouraged as part of the decision-making process and use of guideline recommendations.\n\nFor cleaning practice, environmental controls — including cleaning and spills management — help prevent transmission of infectious agents from the environment to patients.\n\nThe NHMRC Guidelines are a living document. Version 11.25, published on 14 November 2024, includes updates to scope to include additional information about level of risk dependent on the environment and situation. Melbourne facility managers must ensure their internal policies reference the current version, not earlier iterations.\n\nThe NHMRC Guidelines also directly inform the cleaning frequency schedules used in aged care. Cleaning schedules for aged care settings are adapted from Table A2.2: Recommended cleaning frequency in Section 6.1 of the *Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare*. For a room-by-room application of these frequencies, see our guide on *Infection Control Cleaning Protocols for Melbourne Aged Care Facilities*.\n\n---\n\n## The ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide (2024): the aged care-specific operational framework\n\nTo support implementation of the strengthened Aged Care Quality Standards, the ACSQHC released *The Aged Care Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guide*. This Guide supplements the *Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare* and aims to support the aged care workforce and those providing care for older people to understand basic IPC principles and apply them using a risk-based approach.\n\nEnvironmental cleaning is a fundamental part of standard precautions and an essential element of any IPC system — ensuring a clean and safe environment for older people, visitors and aged care workers. Aged care organisations should maintain a documented cleaning program to ensure all workers are equipped to deliver cleaning services effectively.\n\nEffective infection prevention and control is central to delivering high-quality aged care for all older people and a safe working environment for those in aged care settings. There is a known complexity to implementing IPC practices in aged care, especially when care is delivered in a communal or home environment.\n\nThe IPC Guide makes clear that cleaning is not a task siloed to cleaning staff. IPC must be a priority at all levels of the service and included in education and training processes — making it a priority at all levels sets up a culture in which IPC is everyone's business.\n\nRealcorp works with aged care providers across Melbourne to embed this culture practically, ensuring cleaning programs are documented, staff are trained, and compliance evidence is maintained at every level of the organisation.\n\n---\n\n## Victoria-specific obligations: from the rescinded Cleaning Standards to internal policy compliance\n\n### The rescinded Victorian Cleaning Standards for Health Facilities (2011)\n\nOne of the most consequential — and least understood — regulatory shifts for Melbourne operators is the rescission of the *Cleaning Standards for Victorian Health Facilities* (2011). In 2000, the Victorian Department of Health first published the *Cleaning Standards for Victorian Health Facilities*, with the latest edition published in 2011. The standards described the expected level of cleanliness based on four risk categories.\n\nUnder the original framework, each year health services were subject to one external audit undertaken by accredited cleaning standards auditors, and two internal audits against the cleaning standards. Cleaning auditors scored areas in each risk category against an acceptable quality level (AQL), with achievement of AQLs required under health service Statements of Priorities. Health services reported the results of external cleaning audits to the department each year.\n\nThat mandatory external reporting structure has been dismantled. As of 1 July 2017, environmental cleanliness in Victorian health facilities is measured through accreditation to the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards and patient-reported cleanliness data from the Victorian Healthcare Experience Survey — with the cleaning standards key performance indicator discontinued. Health facilities may now adopt alternative auditing methods besides visual inspections, are no longer required to report cleaning audit results to the Department of Health and Human Services, and can use internal or external auditors for environmental cleanliness audits.\n\n### What has replaced the Victorian Cleaning Standards?\n\nThe rescission of the 2011 standards does not mean Melbourne facilities operate in a compliance vacuum — quite the opposite. Although the *Cleaning Standards for Victorian Health Facilities (2011)* has been rescinded, it is imperative that Victorian facilities have their own internal Environmental Cleaning and Auditing policy, procedures and programs that demonstrate compliance to the requirements of the NHMRC Safety and Quality in Healthcare Action 3.1.3 (Routine Management of Physical Environment) and the NSQHS Standard 3 Preventing and Controlling Infections, 2021, Actions 3.13 and 3.14 for a Clean, Safe and Hygienic environment.\n\nIn practical terms, Melbourne healthcare and aged care facilities must now:\n\n1. **Develop and maintain site-specific written environmental cleaning policies** aligned to NSQHS Actions 3.13 and 3.14\n2. **Conduct their own cleaning audits** using methods appropriate to their risk profile (visual inspection, fluorescent marker audits, ATP bioluminescence testing)\n3. **Document audit results and improvement actions** as evidence for accreditation\n4. **Ensure their policies reference the current NHMRC Guidelines** (not the rescinded 2011 Victorian document)\n\nThe shift from a state-mandated external audit regime to an internally governed, accreditation-verified model places more accountability on individual facility leadership — and more risk on those without robust internal systems. Realcorp assists Melbourne facilities in navigating this transition by providing cleaning services and documentation frameworks that support internally governed, auditable compliance programs.\n\nVictorian healthcare facilities are also governed by the *Health Services Act 1988 (VIC)*, overseen by Safer Care Victoria, and guided by the Victorian Health and Human Services Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines.\n\n---\n\n## Regulatory compliance at a glance: the Melbourne facility compliance map\n\nThe following table summarises the key regulatory instruments and their application across Melbourne facility types:\n\n| Regulatory instrument | Applies to | Enforced by |\n|---|---|---|\n| *Aged Care Act 2024* | All registered aged care providers | Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission |\n| *Aged Care Rules 2025* | All registered aged care providers | Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission |\n| Strengthened Aged Care Quality Standards (2025) | Residential, home care, and centre-based aged care | Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission |\n| NSQHS Standard 3 (Actions 3.13–3.14) | Hospitals, day procedure centres, specialist clinics | ACSQHC accreditation bodies |\n| NHMRC Guidelines (2019, updated 2024) | All healthcare settings (evidence base) | Referenced in NSQHS and ACQSC frameworks |\n| ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide (2024) | Aged care settings | Referenced in accreditation assessments |\n| *Health Services Act 1988 (VIC)* | Victorian public and private hospitals | Safer Care Victoria / DHHS |\n| Internal Environmental Cleaning Policy | All Victorian health facilities (replaces 2011 Standards) | NSQHS accreditation audit |\n\n---\n\n## Key takeaways\n\n- The *Aged Care Act 2024* and *Aged Care Rules 2025* now apply, replacing the *Aged Care Act 1997* and establishing a rights-based framework with strengthened enforcement powers. Melbourne aged care providers must ensure their cleaning obligations align with this new legislative architecture.\n- The *Cleaning Standards for Victorian Health Facilities (2011)* has been rescinded. Victorian facilities must now maintain their own internal Environmental Cleaning and Auditing policy aligned to NSQHS Standard 3 Actions 3.13 and 3.14. The mandatory external audit reporting requirement no longer exists, but internal compliance accountability is higher than ever.\n- NSQHS Action 3.13 requires facilities to use ARTG-listed cleaning and disinfection products, provide cleaning training for routine and outbreak situations, audit cleaning effectiveness, and use audit results to drive continuous improvement.\n- Environmental cleaning is a fundamental part of standard precautions and an essential part of any IPC system. Both the ACSQHC Aged Care IPC Guide and the NHMRC Guidelines treat it as a non-negotiable element of safe care delivery, not an ancillary service.\n- Records of arrangements with third-party contractors and the systems in place to ensure cleaning is delivered as arranged are a specific evidentiary requirement. Facility managers cannot transfer compliance accountability to a contracted cleaning provider.\n\n---\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe regulatory framework governing healthcare and aged care cleaning in Melbourne is layered, interconnected, and currently in active transition. The shift from the *Aged Care Act 1997* to the *Aged Care Act 2024*, the strengthening of the Aged Care Quality Standards, and the move from Victoria's prescriptive external audit model to an internally governed, NSQHS-aligned compliance framework all require Melbourne facility managers to take a proactive, documented approach to environmental cleaning.\n\nUnderstanding the regulations is the foundation — but only the starting point. The practical application of these standards — building compliant cleaning schedules, selecting TGA-listed disinfectants, managing outbreak responses — is where compliance either holds or fails under scrutiny. Realcorp partners with Melbourne aged care and healthcare facilities to translate these regulatory requirements into practical, documented, and auditable cleaning programs that support ongoing accreditation and resident safety.\n\nFor deeper operational guidance, explore the following articles in this series:\n\n- *How to Build a Compliant Cleaning Schedule for a Melbourne Aged Care or Healthcare Facility*\n- *Hospital-Grade Disinfectants in Aged Care and Healthcare: What Melbourne Facilities Need to Use and Why*\n- *Cleaning Audits and Quality Assurance in Melbourne Aged Care and Healthcare Facilities: How to Measure What Matters*\n- *Healthcare Cleaning Staff Training Requirements in Victoria: Certifications, Competencies, and Compliance*\n\n---\n\n## References\n\n- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). *\"The Aged Care Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guide.\"* ACSQHC, Sydney, 2024. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/infection-prevention-and-control/infection-prevention-and-control-aged-care\n\n- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). *\"Preventing and Controlling Infections Standard — Action 3.13.\"* ACSQHC, 2021. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/standards/nsqhs-standards/preventing-and-controlling-infections-standard/infection-prevention-and-control-systems/action-313\n\n- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). *\"Environmental Cleaning and Infection Prevention and Control Resources.\"* ACSQHC, 2023. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/infection-prevention-and-control/environmental-cleaning-and-infection-prevention-and-control-resources\n\n- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). *\"Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare.\"* Commonwealth of Australia, 2019 (updated 2024). https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/australian-guidelines-prevention-and-control-infection-healthcare-2019\n\n- Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission. *\"Environmental Cleaning and Infection Prevention and Control Resources.\"* ACQSC, 2025. https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/quality-standards/environmental-cleaning-and-infection-prevention-and-control-resources\n\n- Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. *\"Aged Care Rules 2025: Summary of Key Changes.\"* Commonwealth of Australia, 2025. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/aged-care-rules-2025-summary-of-key-changes\n\n- Infection Prevention Australia. *\"Victorian Cleaning Standards.\"* IPA, 2024. https://www.infectionprevention.com.au/victorian-cleaning-standards/\n\n- Victorian Auditor-General's Office. *\"Infection Prevention and Control in Public Hospitals.\"* VAGO. https://www.audit.vic.gov.au/report/infection-prevention-and-control-public-hospitals/\n\n- Victorian Department of Health. *\"Cleaning Standards for Victorian Health Facilities 2011.\"* State Government of Victoria, 2011. https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/publications/researchandreports/Cleaning-standards-for-Victorian-health-facilities-2011-August\n\n- Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission. *\"Infection Prevention and Control — Strengthened Quality Standards.\"* ACQSC, updated February 2025. https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/strengthened-quality-standards/environment/infection-prevention-and-control",
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